It has been mandated that teenagers should get the Pertussis booster before school starts in August in the state of California
It seems that the rise in Pertussis cases (whooping cough) in California has caused for a booster to be part of protocol for a vaccination schedule in California. The controversial issue is why should our teenagers be vaccinated again with a booster, due to other countries not mandating vaccines in their country?
In 1970 - 1974, 37 infant deaths occurred after the DPT vaccination in Japan. The pediatricians boycotted the vaccine in Japan. When the vaccine was resumed the vaccination was not given until the children were 2 -years-old of age. Infant mortality decreased when the vaccine was administered at a later age. Japan moved from 17th place in infant mortality to the lowest rate in the world. In 1975 there were reports of brain damage from the vaccine and England halted the vaccine and brain damage decreased by 30% and in some areas it dropped 10%. In the past many vaccinators denied any adverse effects from vaccines, but ant-vaccination awareness has forced vaccinators that reactions do occur from mild to serious: fever, convulsions, hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes, cerebral cry and even death. Unfortunately, reactions to a vaccine is only studied within 48 hours, but many reactions can be delayed starting 2-3 weeks after the vaccination. The pertussis vaccine when tested on animals developed encephalomyelitis or better known as the "Shaken Rat Syndrome" and with babies the "Shaken Baby Syndrome." Many medical staffers have blamed parents for "Shaken Baby Syndrome" when it could have been a reaction from the pertussis vaccine. Japan is quite liberal with their vaccination schedule should the U.S. get vaccinations because other countries don't and put our children at risk?
REFERENCES
Iwasa, Ishida, S., and Akama, K. 1985. Swelling of the brain in mice caused by pertussis vaccine - its quantitative determination and the responsible factors in the vaccine. Japan J Med Sci Biol; 38: 53-65.
Noble, G.R., Bernier, R.H., Esber, E.C., Hardegree, M.C., et al. 1987. Acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines in Japan: report of a visit by US scientists. JAMA; 257(10): 1351-1356.
Jenny Scott, 1990. Press & Sun Bulletin (taken from Los Angeles Times); March 1, 1990. Report: U.S. slips in fight to cut infant mortality.
Mason, J.O., 1991. Reducing infant mortality in the United States through "healthy start". Publ Health Reports (Sep-Oct).
McFarlane, A., 1982. Infant deaths after four weeks. Lancet (Oct 23).
Fine, P.E., and Clarkson,. J., A., 1982. The recurrence of whooping cough: possible implications for assessment of vaccine efficacy. Lancet (March 20): 666-669.
The Byron Shire Echo (June 22, 1994). SIDS cases quadruple in 13 years.
Scheibner, V., 1998. Shaken Baby Syndrome - the vaccination link. Nexus (August-September): 35-38 & 88.
Cherry, J.S., Brunell, P.A., Golden, G.S., and Karzon, D.T., 1988. Report of the task force on pertussis and pertussis immunization. Pediatrics (suppl): 939-984.
Madsen, T., 1933. Vaccination against whooping cough. JAMA; 101: 187-188.
Werne, J., & Garrow, I,. 1946. Fatal anaphylactic shock: Occurrence in identical twins following second injection of diphtheria toxoid and pertussis antigen. JAMA;131:730-735.
Griffith, A., H., 1978. Reactions after pertussis vaccine: A manufacturer's experience and difficulties since 1964. Br Med J; 1: 809-815.
Bernier, R.,H., Frank, J.AS., Dondero, T.J., Jr. 1982. Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis vaccination and sudden infant deaths in Tennessee. J Pediatr; 1982; 101: 419-421.
Baraff, L.J., Ablom, W.J., Weiss, R.C., et al. 1983. Possible temporal association between diphtheria-tetanus- toxoid-pertussis vaccination and sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis; 2: 7-11.
Mortimer, E.A., Jr., Jones, P.K., and Adelson, L. 1983. DTP and SIDS. Pediatr Infect Dis; 2: 492.
Wilkins, J., 1988. What is 'significant' and DTP reactions. Pediatrics; 81(6): 912-913.
Torch, W.S., 1982. Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunization: a potential cause of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Neurology; 32(4): A169 abstract).
Torch, W.C., 1986 a. Characteristics of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) postvaccinal deaths and DPT-caused Sudden Infant Deaths Syndrome (SIDS): a review. Neurology (suppl 1); 36: 148 (abstract).
Torch, W.C., 1986 b. Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) imunization may be an unrecognized cause of Sudden Infant Death (SIDS) and Near-Miss Syndrome (NMS): 12 case reports. Neurology (suppl 1); 36: 149 (abstract).
Steinman, L., Weiss, A., Adelman, N. et al. 1985. Pertussis toxin is required for pertussis vaccine encephalopathy. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA; 82: 8733-8736.
Kirschner,R.H., and Stein,R.J., 1985. The mistaken diagnosis of child abuse. A form of medical abuse? Am J Dis Child; 139: 873-875.
Pillemer, L., Blum, L., and Lepow, I.H. 1954. Protective antigen of Haemophilus pertussis. Lancet; 1: 1257-1260.
Olin, P., Rasmussen, F., Gustafsson, L., Hallander, H.O., et al. 1997. Randomised controlled trial of two-component, three-component, and five-component acellular pertussis vaccines compared with whole-cell pertussis vaccine. Lancet; 350: 1569-1577.
Olin, P., 1995. Acellular vaccines - a question of efficacy. J Hosp Infect; 30 (suppl): 503-507.Hutchins, S.S., Cochi, S.L.,, Brink, E.W., et al. 1988. Current epidemiology of pertussis in the United States. Tokai J exp din Med; 13 (suppl): 103-109.
[Scheibner] [Vaccination]
It seems that the rise in Pertussis cases (whooping cough) in California has caused for a booster to be part of protocol for a vaccination schedule in California. The controversial issue is why should our teenagers be vaccinated again with a booster, due to other countries not mandating vaccines in their country?
In 1970 - 1974, 37 infant deaths occurred after the DPT vaccination in Japan. The pediatricians boycotted the vaccine in Japan. When the vaccine was resumed the vaccination was not given until the children were 2 -years-old of age. Infant mortality decreased when the vaccine was administered at a later age. Japan moved from 17th place in infant mortality to the lowest rate in the world. In 1975 there were reports of brain damage from the vaccine and England halted the vaccine and brain damage decreased by 30% and in some areas it dropped 10%. In the past many vaccinators denied any adverse effects from vaccines, but ant-vaccination awareness has forced vaccinators that reactions do occur from mild to serious: fever, convulsions, hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes, cerebral cry and even death. Unfortunately, reactions to a vaccine is only studied within 48 hours, but many reactions can be delayed starting 2-3 weeks after the vaccination. The pertussis vaccine when tested on animals developed encephalomyelitis or better known as the "Shaken Rat Syndrome" and with babies the "Shaken Baby Syndrome." Many medical staffers have blamed parents for "Shaken Baby Syndrome" when it could have been a reaction from the pertussis vaccine. Japan is quite liberal with their vaccination schedule should the U.S. get vaccinations because other countries don't and put our children at risk?
REFERENCES
Iwasa, Ishida, S., and Akama, K. 1985. Swelling of the brain in mice caused by pertussis vaccine - its quantitative determination and the responsible factors in the vaccine. Japan J Med Sci Biol; 38: 53-65.
Noble, G.R., Bernier, R.H., Esber, E.C., Hardegree, M.C., et al. 1987. Acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines in Japan: report of a visit by US scientists. JAMA; 257(10): 1351-1356.
Jenny Scott, 1990. Press & Sun Bulletin (taken from Los Angeles Times); March 1, 1990. Report: U.S. slips in fight to cut infant mortality.
Mason, J.O., 1991. Reducing infant mortality in the United States through "healthy start". Publ Health Reports (Sep-Oct).
McFarlane, A., 1982. Infant deaths after four weeks. Lancet (Oct 23).
Fine, P.E., and Clarkson,. J., A., 1982. The recurrence of whooping cough: possible implications for assessment of vaccine efficacy. Lancet (March 20): 666-669.
The Byron Shire Echo (June 22, 1994). SIDS cases quadruple in 13 years.
Scheibner, V., 1998. Shaken Baby Syndrome - the vaccination link. Nexus (August-September): 35-38 & 88.
Cherry, J.S., Brunell, P.A., Golden, G.S., and Karzon, D.T., 1988. Report of the task force on pertussis and pertussis immunization. Pediatrics (suppl): 939-984.
Madsen, T., 1933. Vaccination against whooping cough. JAMA; 101: 187-188.
Werne, J., & Garrow, I,. 1946. Fatal anaphylactic shock: Occurrence in identical twins following second injection of diphtheria toxoid and pertussis antigen. JAMA;131:730-735.
Griffith, A., H., 1978. Reactions after pertussis vaccine: A manufacturer's experience and difficulties since 1964. Br Med J; 1: 809-815.
Bernier, R.,H., Frank, J.AS., Dondero, T.J., Jr. 1982. Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis vaccination and sudden infant deaths in Tennessee. J Pediatr; 1982; 101: 419-421.
Baraff, L.J., Ablom, W.J., Weiss, R.C., et al. 1983. Possible temporal association between diphtheria-tetanus- toxoid-pertussis vaccination and sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis; 2: 7-11.
Mortimer, E.A., Jr., Jones, P.K., and Adelson, L. 1983. DTP and SIDS. Pediatr Infect Dis; 2: 492.
Wilkins, J., 1988. What is 'significant' and DTP reactions. Pediatrics; 81(6): 912-913.
Torch, W.S., 1982. Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunization: a potential cause of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Neurology; 32(4): A169 abstract).
Torch, W.C., 1986 a. Characteristics of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) postvaccinal deaths and DPT-caused Sudden Infant Deaths Syndrome (SIDS): a review. Neurology (suppl 1); 36: 148 (abstract).
Torch, W.C., 1986 b. Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) imunization may be an unrecognized cause of Sudden Infant Death (SIDS) and Near-Miss Syndrome (NMS): 12 case reports. Neurology (suppl 1); 36: 149 (abstract).
Steinman, L., Weiss, A., Adelman, N. et al. 1985. Pertussis toxin is required for pertussis vaccine encephalopathy. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA; 82: 8733-8736.
Kirschner,R.H., and Stein,R.J., 1985. The mistaken diagnosis of child abuse. A form of medical abuse? Am J Dis Child; 139: 873-875.
Pillemer, L., Blum, L., and Lepow, I.H. 1954. Protective antigen of Haemophilus pertussis. Lancet; 1: 1257-1260.
Olin, P., Rasmussen, F., Gustafsson, L., Hallander, H.O., et al. 1997. Randomised controlled trial of two-component, three-component, and five-component acellular pertussis vaccines compared with whole-cell pertussis vaccine. Lancet; 350: 1569-1577.
Olin, P., 1995. Acellular vaccines - a question of efficacy. J Hosp Infect; 30 (suppl): 503-507.Hutchins, S.S., Cochi, S.L.,, Brink, E.W., et al. 1988. Current epidemiology of pertussis in the United States. Tokai J exp din Med; 13 (suppl): 103-109.
[Scheibner] [Vaccination]
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