Iodine Deficiency and why it is important to have in your diet
Iodine deficiency is a leading cause mental retardation in children (1-3) and preventable measures should be consider by increasing products with iodine or supplements. A Goiter which is abnormal enlarged thyroid gland is the first visual sign of iodine deficiency or thyroid disease. Other disorders associated with iodine deficiency:
* decrease in fertility
* increase in perinatal mortality
* retarded growth and impairment of mental development
(Delange, F. Benoist, B., Pretell, E., & Dunn, J. (2001)
The major source of intake of iodine in the United States is in iodized salt. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) recommends 60-100 mg kl/kg salt equal to 46-76 mg 1/kg salt. All U.S. iodized salt contains 45 mg 1/kg stated on the label, but when tested the amount was sufficiently less. The storing of the salt may have an impact on iodine loss. High humidity storage of iodized salt decreased in iodine levels. Humans need iodine in order for the thyroid to produce hormones. Due to hypertension in the United States eliminating salt intake is on the rise which leaves many at a great risk of becoming iodine deficient. In young children milk/dairy were the major source of iodine. Levels of iodine in milk are seasonal, winter being the highest amount. Japan is one of the few countries that don't require their food to supple iodine due to their diet of seaweed, which is high in iodine. Thyroid conditions are not prevalent in Japan. A study reported that the average urinary excretions in Japan had levels of iodine ranging from 700 and 3200 ug/d this is considered maximum levels in the U.S.. A moderate iodine deficiency is a widespread cause of maternal hypothyroxinemia. Learning disabilities in children can be prevented when iodine supplements are giving during pregnancy (Dasgupta, P., Liu, Y., & Dyke, J., January 2008).
Dasgupta, P., Liu, Y., & Dyke, J. ( January 2008). Iodine Nutrition: Iodine Content of Iodized Salt in the Unite States. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry: University Of Arlington, Texas. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2008, 42 (4), pp 1315-1323. retrieved march 18, 2011, from http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es0719071
Delange, F. Benoist, B., Pretell, E., & Dunn, J. (2001). Iodine deficiency in the World: We do we Stand at the Turn of the Century. Vol. 11, Number 5, 2001. Retrieved March 18, 2011, fromhttp://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/105072501300176390
Dasgupta
Iodine deficiency is a leading cause mental retardation in children (1-3) and preventable measures should be consider by increasing products with iodine or supplements. A Goiter which is abnormal enlarged thyroid gland is the first visual sign of iodine deficiency or thyroid disease. Other disorders associated with iodine deficiency:
* decrease in fertility
* increase in perinatal mortality
* retarded growth and impairment of mental development
(Delange, F. Benoist, B., Pretell, E., & Dunn, J. (2001)
The major source of intake of iodine in the United States is in iodized salt. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) recommends 60-100 mg kl/kg salt equal to 46-76 mg 1/kg salt. All U.S. iodized salt contains 45 mg 1/kg stated on the label, but when tested the amount was sufficiently less. The storing of the salt may have an impact on iodine loss. High humidity storage of iodized salt decreased in iodine levels. Humans need iodine in order for the thyroid to produce hormones. Due to hypertension in the United States eliminating salt intake is on the rise which leaves many at a great risk of becoming iodine deficient. In young children milk/dairy were the major source of iodine. Levels of iodine in milk are seasonal, winter being the highest amount. Japan is one of the few countries that don't require their food to supple iodine due to their diet of seaweed, which is high in iodine. Thyroid conditions are not prevalent in Japan. A study reported that the average urinary excretions in Japan had levels of iodine ranging from 700 and 3200 ug/d this is considered maximum levels in the U.S.. A moderate iodine deficiency is a widespread cause of maternal hypothyroxinemia. Learning disabilities in children can be prevented when iodine supplements are giving during pregnancy (Dasgupta, P., Liu, Y., & Dyke, J., January 2008).
Dasgupta, P., Liu, Y., & Dyke, J. ( January 2008). Iodine Nutrition: Iodine Content of Iodized Salt in the Unite States. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry: University Of Arlington, Texas. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2008, 42 (4), pp 1315-1323. retrieved march 18, 2011, from http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es0719071
Delange, F. Benoist, B., Pretell, E., & Dunn, J. (2001). Iodine deficiency in the World: We do we Stand at the Turn of the Century. Vol. 11, Number 5, 2001. Retrieved March 18, 2011, fromhttp://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/105072501300176390
Dasgupta
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